2 Samuel 8:13

Authorized King James Version

And David gat him a name when he returned from smiting of the Syrians in the valley of salt, being eighteen thousand men.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיַּ֤עַשׂ
gat
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
#2
דָּוִד֙
And David
david, the youngest son of jesse
#3
שֵׁ֔ם
him a name
an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
#4
בְּשֻׁב֕וֹ
when he returned
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
#5
מֵֽהַכּוֹת֥וֹ
from smiting
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
#6
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#7
אֲרָ֖ם
of the Syrians
aram or syria, and its inhabitants; also the name of the son of shem, a grandson of nahor, and of an israelite
#8
בְּגֵיא
in the valley
a gorge (from its lofty sides; hence, narrow, but not a gully or winter-torrent)
#9
מֶ֑לַח
of salt
properly, powder, i.e., (specifically) salt (as easily pulverized and dissolved)
#10
שְׁמוֹנָ֥ה
being eighteen
a cardinal number, eight (as if a surplus above the 'perfect' seven); also (as ordinal) eighth
#11
עָשָׂ֖ר
ten (only in combination), i.e., -teen; also (ordinal) -teenth
#12
אָֽלֶף׃
thousand
hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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